AT GROUND LEVEL downtowns thrive as economic engines for their cities and regions. Our study highlights various strategies that are already working in different cities, and we invite local leaders to use these insights to help identify their priorities, recognise opportunities in their communities and implement the right tools to achieve their goals.”
The study underscores that there is no one-size-fits-all solution.
Through a combination of market analysis, stakeholder interviews, and architectural feasibility assessments, the study identifies four key levers that cities can use to facilitate officeto-residential conversions:
• Regulatory flexibility: Zoning and building code reforms, such as allowing conversions by-right, help to accelerate projects.
• Financial incentives: Tools like tax abatements, historic preservation credits and low-cost financing help bridge the feasibility gap.
• Demand-driven strategies: Investments in public space, transit and amenities can boost residential appeal in former office corridors.
• Targeted subsidies: Inclusionary zoning or direct subsidies can ensure conversions also advance affordability and equity goals.
While office-to-residential conversions have largely been driven by local and state governments, the report highlights a growing role for federal support. Historic tax credits have played a significant role in past conversions, and HUD’ s continued engagement could help scale efforts nationwide.
The study underscores that there is no onesize-fits-all solution – effective strategies must be tailored to each city’ s fiscal structure, real estate market and regulatory environment. However, this study’ s broad research has created foundational policies that will form the basis for all US cities seeking to create more vibrancy and reinvigorate housing supply. �
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